{"id":205,"date":"2024-03-10T16:58:53","date_gmt":"2024-03-10T20:58:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/?page_id=205"},"modified":"2025-01-03T14:32:39","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T19:32:39","slug":"capitalization","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/capitalization\/","title":{"rendered":"Capitalization"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group border-lg border-primary p-4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jump to: <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul id=\"degrees\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#Capitalization\">Capitalization<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#capacademic\">Capitalizing academic subjects<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#capdepartments\">Capitalizing departments and administrative units<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#capgovernment\">Capitalizing government<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#capjob\">Capitalizing job titles<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#captitles\">Capitalizing titles of works of art<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#capother\">Capitalizing \u2013 other<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id205_768855-a5 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id205_768855-a5 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id205_768855-a5 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id205_768855-a5 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id205_768855-a5 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id205_768855-a5 kt-accordion-has-11-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"true\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane205_d00666-f2\" id=\"Capitalization\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Capitalization<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>快播视频 follows a modified lowercase style. The basic rule is to capitalize all proper names, trade names, government departments and agencies of government, names of centres, departments, Faculties, universities, associations, companies, clubs, religions, languages, nations, races, places and addresses. Otherwise, lowercase is favoured where a reasonable option exists. Uppercase slows down the readability and comprehensibility of a sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianpress.com\/writing-guide\/caps-spelling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Canadian Press Caps and Spelling<\/a> <\/em>should be used for other items.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane205_9af500-a2\" id=\"capacademic\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Capitalizing academic subjects<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>In <strong>general <\/strong>use, subjects should be listed in<strong> lowercase<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>She is majoring in geography.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He enjoys his mathematics course.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Exception: When you are describing a subject that is also a <strong>language, culture or religion<\/strong>, capitalize it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>She is an English major.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He is doing well in his Spanish course.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>York is one of the few universities in the country to offer Jewish studies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When a subject is being described by its<strong> official or short-form name, course or program title<\/strong>, it should be capitalized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>She teaches in the Department of Geography at York.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He is taking a course called Elements of Discrete Mathematics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Space &amp; Communications Science is one of the specialized streams of study within Earth &amp; Atmospheric Science.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane205_93a3b7-0b\" id=\"capdepartments\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Capitalizing departments and administrative units<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>Words such as department, division, centre and program are only capitalized when they are part of a formal or informal name.<\/strong> Proper names, titles of programs, names of Faculties, colleges and departments may be capitalized in the first reference but can be shortened and lowercased for subsequent reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>First reference<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Subsequent references<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>the Division of Humanities<br>or the Humanities Division<\/td><td>the division<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>the Department of Dance<br>or the Dance Department<\/td><td>the department<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Calumet College<br>or Calumet<\/td><td>the college<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>the University Board of Governors<br>or<br>快播视频 Board of Governors<\/td><td>the board<br>or<br>University Board of Governors<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>University Senate<\/td><td>the senate<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lowercase<\/strong> should be used when the <strong>context is general, or in the second and subsequent references<\/strong> to a department, college or body <strong>whose full name has already been given<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>humanities <\/strong>courses are popular among undergraduate students.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All <strong>departments<\/strong> must submit their budget projections next week.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Department of Dance<\/strong> (uppercase on first reference) is part of the School of the Arts, Media, Performance &amp; Design.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Dance Department<\/strong> is unique in Canada. The <strong>department<\/strong> offers a wide range of courses related to different periods in dance history. (Lowercase in all subsequent references, where it is clear which department is being discussed, and where no other departments are mentioned in the same context.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Calumet College<\/strong> is located at the west end of the campus. (Uppercase on first reference.) The <strong>college\u2019s<\/strong> mandate is technology and the arts. (Lowercase on second and subsequent references.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>快播视频 Board of Governors<\/strong> held its first annual meeting. The board meeting ended at 7 p.m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In plural use,<\/strong> when more than one department or division is being described, use lowercase for the common noun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The<strong> departments<\/strong> of History and Political Science both offer...<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Exceptions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Faculty<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of the word <strong>Faculty<\/strong>, where there are two meanings, use the uppercase <strong>Faculty <\/strong>when you mean the <strong>academic division<\/strong>. When you mean a <strong>group of professors<\/strong>, use the lowercase: the <strong>faculty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Faculty of Liberal Arts &amp; Professional Studies<\/strong> is the largest at York. The <strong>Faculty <\/strong>offers a wide range of courses in many subject areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The York <strong>faculty union<\/strong> is YUFA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>University<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When referring to <strong>York<\/strong>, or when 快播视频 is implied, the \u201cU\u201d is always capitalized, even in subsequent references.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>University<\/strong> is located in Toronto.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was a <strong>pan-University<\/strong> event.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cu\u201d is lowercased when referring to another university or universities in general.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>快播视频 scientists attended a symposium at the University of Hong Kong. They said the <strong>university<\/strong> hosting the event was well equipped. (refers to U of HK)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>university<\/strong> today faces the challenge of declining government funds and escalating costs. (refers to universities in general)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cu\u201d is always lowercase in the plural, when more than one university is mentioned, including 快播视频.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rutgers, Yale and York<strong> universities <\/strong>were well represented at the conference.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Note: When a phrase refers to an administrative unit it should be capitalized. When it refers to an individual\u2019s title it should be lowercased. (See <a href=\"#capjob\"><strong>Capitalizing job titles<\/strong><\/a> section.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Vice-President University Advancement<\/strong> produces the annual PBA document.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The vice-president university advancement<\/strong> chaired the meeting<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane205_8003fe-56\" id=\"capgovernment\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Capitalizing government<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>Capitalize<\/strong> specific international, national and provincial government <strong>departments, ministries, agencies, boards<\/strong>, etc., including short forms of the proper name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ontario Ministry of Education<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B.C. Highways Ministry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canada Post Corp. (on first reference), Canada Post (on subsequent references)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liquor Control Board of Ontario<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Capitalize cabinet portfolios<\/strong> only as part of a title directly preceding a name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Health Minister<\/strong> Georgia Pape<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>but<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Georgia Pape, <strong>federal minister of health<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lowercase the cabinet member\u2019s title in subsequent reference<\/strong> and when it <strong>stands alone<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Finance Minister Bernard Hannon addressed the House of Commons yesterday. The <strong>finance minister <\/strong>spoke again about the budget he released last week.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Capitalize descriptions<\/strong> of the department or ministry that <strong>refer to their proper name<\/strong>, even when they stand alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The cuts will affect <strong>Justice and Communications<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Over 25 years, she worked in <strong>Archives, Housing and Natural Resources<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lowercase common nouns related to government<\/strong> ministries standing alone and in a group (plural references), and in subsequent references.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the department, a ministry spokesperson, board members, the authority<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The departments of Justice and Defence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-7 kt-pane205_bc4e3d-06\" id=\"capjob\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Capitalizing job titles<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Capitalize <strong>formal titles<\/strong> \u2013 academic titles and those that are an integral part of a person\u2019s identity \u2013 when they directly precede the name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>快播视频 <strong>President and Vice-Chancellor<\/strong> Rhonda L. Lenton<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vice-President Academic and Provost<\/strong> Lisa Philipps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Faculty of Liberal Arts &amp; Professional Studies Dean<\/strong> J.J. McMurtry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>President Emeritus<\/strong> Murray G. Ross is a member of the 快播视频 Founders Honour Society<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When the title comes after the name<\/strong>, it should be lowercased (with the exception of the title \u201cChair\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rhonda L. Lenton, <strong>president and vice-chancellor <\/strong>of 快播视频<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lisa Philipps, <strong>vice-president academic and provost<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J.J. McMurtry, <strong>dean <\/strong>of the Faculty of Liberal Arts &amp; Professional Studies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marshall McCall, <strong>Chair<\/strong> of the Department of Physics &amp; Astronomy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Murray G. Ross, <strong>founding president emeritus<\/strong> of 快播视频<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When the title is written without the name<\/strong>, it should be lowercased (with the exception of the title <strong>\u201cChair\u201d<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>president<\/strong> made a speech to the senate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>dean <\/strong>spoke to the new students for the first time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An exception to the above rules are the honorific titles <strong>Distinguished Research Professor<\/strong> and <strong>University Professor<\/strong>, which are always capitalized, even after a name. <strong>York Research Chair<\/strong> is always capitalized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When combining a job title with an academic subject<\/strong>, the subject or program should not be capitalized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adrienne Jones, <strong>professor of physics<\/strong>, led the seminar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>After the full name and title have been given once<\/strong>, use only the <strong>surname in subsequent references<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>快播视频 President and Vice-Chancellor Rhonda L. Lenton<\/strong> addressed the Canadian Club last week. In her speech, <strong>Lenton <\/strong>described her university sector experience, both as an administrator and as a former student.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Professor Robert Darnell<\/strong> is teaching an undergraduate psychology course. <strong>Darnell<\/strong> is a visiting lecturer from Australia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chair \u2013 Always capitalize Chair<\/strong> when you are referring to <strong>someone\u2019s title<\/strong> to distinguish it from other meanings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The<strong> Chair<\/strong> of the 快播视频 Board of Governors officially opens the meetings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A new <strong>Chair<\/strong> of the Philosophy Department was appointed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>But lowercase it when you are using it as a verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He <strong>chaired <\/strong>the meeting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He will <strong>chair <\/strong>this important meeting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Lowercase <strong>occupational titles<\/strong>. Titles of officials of companies, unions, political organizations and the like are also lowercased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Widget president Barbara Sansom, CAW secretary Margaret Wilson, defenceman Patrick Keenan, general manager Art Simpson, commissioner Bert Nobby, coach Guy Lebrun, astronaut John Young<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Note: When a phrase refers to an administrative unit, it should be capitalized. When it refers to an individual\u2019s title, it should be lowercased. (See also <a href=\"#capdepartments\"><strong>Capitalization departments and administrative units<\/strong><\/a> section.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Vice-President University Advancement<\/strong> produces the annual PBA document.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The vice-president university advancement<\/strong> chaired the meeting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(See <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianpress.com\/writing-guide\/stylebook\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Canadian Press Stylebook<\/a><\/em> for more information on titles.)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-8 kt-pane205_69ef84-da\" id=\"captitles\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Capitalizing titles of works of art<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>In titles of plays, books, etc., capitalize the first and last words and all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives. Avoid capitalizing the prepositions, conjunctions and articles, unless they are the first or last word of the title.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>The Merchant of Venice<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Cat on a Hot Tin Roof<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>To the Lighthouse<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-9 kt-pane205_7a8c29-00\" id=\"capother\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Capitalizing \u2013 other<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>Honours<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When one is referring to a <strong>title or degree<\/strong>, always capitalize the \u201cH.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Specialized Honours<\/strong> program is very attractive to students.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He earned a <strong>BA (Honours)<\/strong> in philosophy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When referring to someone being \u201chonoured\u201d with an award, use the <strong>lowercase<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Professor Manbeck was<strong> honoured<\/strong> by the Canadian Psychological Association.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Names of races<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Capitalize the <strong>proper names<\/strong> of nationalities, peoples, races and tribes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indigenous Peoples, Arab, Caucasian, French Canadian, Inuit, Latin, Asian, Cree, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Joint nationalities\/identities are not hyphenated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>French Canadian<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/other\/#sensitive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Sensitive subjects and preferred language<\/strong><\/a> section.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The word \u201cthe\u201d is capitalized at the start of titles of books, magazines, movies, TV programs, songs, paintings and other compositions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The is not capitalized at the start of names of such works as almanacs, the Bible, directories, encyclopedias and handbooks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When \u201cthe\u201d is capitalized in a geographical name, retain the capitalization: The Pas, The Hague, El Salvador. But the Netherlands, the Congo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For consistency, lowercase \u201cthe\u201d in all other names: companies, associations, institutions, newspapers, documents, laws, awards, ships, trains, nicknames, rock groups and so on.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jump to:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1896,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-205","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Capitalization - Writing Style Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/capitalization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Capitalization - 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