{"id":5,"date":"2020-06-24T15:07:15","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T19:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand-style-guide\/?page_id=5"},"modified":"2025-01-03T15:03:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T20:03:58","slug":"academic-language","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/academic-language\/","title":{"rendered":"Academic language"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group border-lg border-primary p-4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jump to: <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul id=\"degrees\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#subjects\">Academic subjects<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#alumni\">Alumni<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#campuses\">Campuses<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#degrees\">Degrees<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#emeritus\">Emeritus<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#faculty\">Faculty \/ Faculties<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#grant\">Grant Agencies<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#professor\">Professor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#titles\">Titles<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id5_1488e1-ed .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5_1488e1-ed .kt-accordion-panel-inner{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5_1488e1-ed > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5_1488e1-ed .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5_1488e1-ed .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5_1488e1-ed kt-accordion-has-20-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"true\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-12 kt-pane5_7fc15a-f1\" id=\"subjects\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Academic subjects<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Academic subjects or disciplines should be <strong>lowercased<\/strong>, except for<strong> languages or ethnicities<\/strong>, which are capitalized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>She is taking courses in <strong>mathematics<\/strong> and <strong>psychology<\/strong>, but her major is <strong>English<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>geography<\/strong> class took a field trip as part of its research.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He took an introductory <strong>Spanish<\/strong> course and a<strong> linguistics<\/strong> course.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>York is one of the few universities in Canada to offer<strong> Jewish<\/strong> studies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are writing about a specific department using the official name, capitalize the name of the department or research centre and use the full title for the first reference. On second and subsequent references, use the short version of the proper name also capitalized or the common noun element lowercased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Department of Sociology<\/strong> received nine significant grants. It was the highest number ever presented to the <strong>Sociology Department<\/strong> within a single semester. Additional department information can be found on their website.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If, when using the common noun element, e.g. \u201cdepartment\u201d or \u201ccentre,\u201d and other departments or centres are mentioned leading to possible confusion, capitalize the initial letter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Centre for Refugee Studies<\/strong> draws scholars from around the world. The <strong>Centre<\/strong> is one of 21 research centres at 快播视频.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Department of Psychology <\/strong>is one of the largest in the Faculty of Liberal Arts &amp; Professional Studies. The <strong>department <\/strong>includes cognitive, behavioural and linguistic psychologists.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(See the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/capitalization\/#capacademic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Capitalizing academic subjects<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/capitalization\/#capdepartments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Capitalizing departments and administrative units<\/strong><\/a> sections for more information.)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-13 kt-pane5_a8f9a6-40\" id=\"alumni\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Alumni<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Use the word \u201c<strong>alumni<\/strong>\u201d to refer to a group of people who have graduated from 快播视频. It is the most commonly used form and is the York preference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thousands of<strong> alumni <\/strong>from across the country arrived at the campus for homecoming weekend.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Alumnus<\/strong>\u201d refers to an individual male graduate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Alumna<\/strong>\u201d refers to an individual female graduate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"<strong>Alum<\/strong>\" refers to a graduate, regardless of gender. Use specifically requested or if the graduate's preferred pronouns are not known.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Alumnae<\/strong>\u201d describes a group of graduates known to be comprised entirely of females. It is not commonly used. However, it should be used when the grads are known to be all female.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Nellie Langford Rowell Library hosted <strong>alumnae <\/strong>from the first graduating class in women\u2019s studies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Alums<\/strong>\u201d is used as an informal substitute for \u201calumni\u201d in spoken English but should rarely be used in written form.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-14 kt-pane5_f75332-d3\" id=\"campuses\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Campuses<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>The official names of the campuses of 快播视频 are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Keele Campus (not York campus)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glendon Campus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hyderabad Campus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LA&amp;PS IBM Learning Space<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Las Nubes EcoCampus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Markham Campus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>YSpace Markham<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TD Community Engagement Centre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Miles S. Nadal Management Centre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Osgoode Professional Development Centre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>快播视频 School of Medicine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When referencing a 快播视频 campus, the preferred style is: 快播视频 Keele Campus; 快播视频 Glendon Campus; 快播视频 Markham Campus, 快播视频 School of Medicine, etc. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-15 kt-pane5_9394bd-2b\" id=\"degrees\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Degrees<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>It is acceptable to spell out the degree or to abbreviate it, depending on the context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When&nbsp;<strong>describing and spelling out<\/strong>&nbsp;a degree, use&nbsp;<strong>lowercase and apostrophes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There are many&nbsp;<strong>baccalaureate<\/strong>&nbsp;degrees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He earned a&nbsp;<strong>bachelor\u2019s degree<\/strong>&nbsp;in physics. She is working towards a&nbsp;<strong>master\u2019s degree<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>She has a&nbsp;<strong>bachelor of arts degree<\/strong>&nbsp;in English.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Faculty of Graduate Studies conferred 97&nbsp;<strong>master\u2019s degrees<\/strong>&nbsp;in the fall convocation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When&nbsp;<strong>abbreviating<\/strong>&nbsp;a degree,&nbsp;<strong>omit periods<\/strong>&nbsp;and punctuation marks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BA, MA, PhD, LLB, LLD, LLM, DJur, DLitt, BJ, BSc, MES, MSW<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Within the body of a text<\/strong>,&nbsp;details of a degree may be written out as follows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dale Smith earned her BA (Honours) in history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judy Shreiber graduated with a master\u2019s degree last year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Within a graduate profile, shorten<\/strong>&nbsp;degree information as much as possible, including the year of graduation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dale Smith (BA Hons. \u201979) now works in Guam as a consultant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>July Shreiber (MA \u201998) is now pursuing doctoral work at Harvard University.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When using&nbsp;<strong>articles<\/strong>&nbsp;with degrees, use the article appropriate when pronouncing the abbreviation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>an MA<\/strong>&nbsp;in political science (not a MA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>an MSc<\/strong>&nbsp;in theoretical physics (not a MSc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>a BA<\/strong>&nbsp;in philosophy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Honorary degrees<\/strong> should follow the same rules as above. When abbreviating an honorary degree, use Hon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indigenous law scholar John Borrows was recognized with an <strong>honorary doctor of laws<\/strong> degree from 快播视频 on June 22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>John Borrows (LLD [Hon.]) spoke at the convocation ceremony last night.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>John Borrows, LLD (Hon.), spoke at the convocation ceremony last night.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-16 kt-pane5_0c0c23-84\" id=\"emeritus\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Emeritus<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>emeritus (masculine)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emerita (feminine)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emeriti (plural)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/capitalization\/#capjob\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Capitalizing job titles<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0section.)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-17 kt-pane5_860958-67\" id=\"faculty\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Faculty \/ Faculties<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>In the case of the word <strong>Faculty<\/strong>, where there are two meanings, use the uppercase <strong>Faculty <\/strong>when you mean the <strong>academic division<\/strong>. When you mean a <strong>group of professors<\/strong>, use the lowercase: the <strong>faculty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(See <a href=\"#capdepartments\"><strong>Capitalizing departments and administrative units<\/strong><\/a> section.)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-18 kt-pane5_ce74c8-ff\" id=\"grant\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Grant Agencies<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Social Sciences &amp; Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Natural Sciences &amp; Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-19 kt-pane5_7943cf-af\" id=\"professor\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Professor<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>For&nbsp;<strong>captions or headings<\/strong>,&nbsp;abbreviate the word professor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prof. Gord Bennett<\/strong>&nbsp;named to the Order of Canada<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Three <strong>快播视频 profs <\/strong>appointed to the Order of Canada<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In text, spell out the title in the first reference. Use the last name without the title in subsequent references.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Professor Karen Gough<\/strong>&nbsp;was honoured by the Canadian Psychological Association.&nbsp;<strong>Gough<\/strong>&nbsp;has been teaching at York for many years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When the word is used&nbsp;<strong>descriptively<\/strong>&nbsp;(following a name, preceding a field of study or as a common noun)&nbsp;<strong>do not capitalize and do not use period for abbreviation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gord Bennett, a&nbsp;<strong>professor<\/strong>&nbsp;of chemistry, was named to the Order of Canada.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong>professors<\/strong>&nbsp;met each week.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karen Gough has been a&nbsp;<strong>professor<\/strong>&nbsp;of biology for eight years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(See the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/capitalization\/#capjob\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Capitalizing job titles<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;section.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Use the term lecturer if appropriate, but&nbsp;<strong>do not distinguish <\/strong>between assistant professors, associate professors, full professors or adjunct professors, unless it is relevant to the story. Faculty members are treated equally within a story, even if Professor Jones has full tenure, Professor Smith is an associate professor and Professor Johnson is an assistant professor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>快播视频 <strong>professors<\/strong>&nbsp;Jones, Smith and Johnson spoke at the symposium.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Do not capitalize \"professors\" when introducing a list of professors, like above.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-20 kt-pane5_298b18-dc\" id=\"titles\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Titles<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>(For rules on capitalization of titles, see the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/capitalization\/#Capitalization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Capitalization<\/strong><\/a> section.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With few exceptions, a title more than two words long should be set off from the name with commas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rhonda L. Lenton, president and vice-chancellor of 快播视频<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A title set off from a name by commas is lowercased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The president and vice-chancellor, Rhonda L. Lenton, will represent 快播视频 at the talks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Courtesy titles<\/strong><br>Avoid using courtesy titles <strong>Mr.<\/strong>, <strong>Mrs.<\/strong>, <strong>Miss <\/strong>or <strong>Ms<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Honorific titles<\/strong><br>Honourable, right honourable, excellency, etc., are to be avoided, except in formal invitations and direct quotations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exceptions to the above rule are the academic honorific titles <strong>Distinguished Research Professor<\/strong> and <strong>University Professor<\/strong>, which are always capitalized. <strong>York Research Chair<\/strong> is always capitalized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Professional titles<\/strong><br>Avoid use of \"<strong>Dr.<\/strong>\" title entirely, both for people with doctoral degrees and for medical doctors. Use academic titles instead, and\/or explain the person's professional role without using the \"<strong>Dr.<\/strong>\" title.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One exception to this is when \"<strong>Dr.<\/strong>\" is used within a letter from the president or a senior administrator, or within a quote. Treat a letter as a long quote.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jump to:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Academic language - Writing Style Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/brand\/style-guide\/academic-language\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Academic language - 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