  {"id":2,"date":"2020-06-24T15:04:51","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T19:04:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies-programtemplate\/?page_id=2"},"modified":"2026-04-09T08:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T12:29:24","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/","title":{"rendered":"Welcome to the Graduate Program in Biology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group border-lg border-primary px-3 py-4 mb-3\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading h4\">Master of Science (MSc), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As one of the largest Biology departments in Canada, we produce cutting-edge, hands-on research and advance the current frontiers of knowledge guided by award-winning and internationally recognized faculty and researchers (e.g. Steacie Fellows, Young Investigator Award, York Research Chairs, Canada Research Chairs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biology offers graduate programs leading&nbsp;to the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/current-students\/degree-requirements\/#msc\">Master of Science<\/a>&nbsp;degree (by research thesis) and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/current-students\/degree-requirements\/#phd\">Doctor of Philosophy<\/a>&nbsp;degree (by research dissertation). We do not offer degrees based solely on coursework. Prospective students must obtain a commitment from a faculty supervisor prior to being accepted into the program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both the M.Sc. and Ph.D. are designed to give students in-depth knowledge of a specific area of current biology.&nbsp; This is accomplished primarily by hands-on research on an important problem or question that advances the current frontiers of knowledge and most of our students publish their thesis research in scientific journals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-uppercase mb-0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/programs\/\">ENGAGE IN A STUDY OF THE Biology<\/a> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><form role=\"search\" method=\"get\" action=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/\" class=\"wp-block-search__button-outside wp-block-search__text-button wp-block-search\"    ><label class=\"wp-block-search__label\" for=\"wp-block-search__input-1\" >Search<\/label><div class=\"wp-block-search__inside-wrapper\"  style=\"width: 359px\"><input class=\"wp-block-search__input\" id=\"wp-block-search__input-1\" placeholder=\"\" value=\"\" type=\"search\" name=\"s\" required \/><button aria-label=\"Search\" class=\"wp-block-search__button wp-element-button\" type=\"submit\" >Search<\/button><\/div><\/form>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading text-uppercase h5\">Quick Links<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list list-unstyled\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/students\/current-students\/student-status\/important-dates\/\">Academic Important Dates<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/students\/current-students\/registration-enrolment\/fgs-forms\/\">FGS Forms<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/students\/current-students\/grad-wellness-counselling\/wellness-consultations\/\">Wellness &amp; Counselling<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/biology\/\">Department of Biology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ugbio.apps01.yorku.ca\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/\">Faculty of Science<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"toast fade show\" data-autohide=\"false\" role=\"alert\" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-atomic=\"true\">\n  <div class=\"toast-header\">\n    <i class=\"fas fa-exclamation-circle mr-2 text-primary\"><\/i>\n    <strong class=\"mr-auto\">Application Period<\/strong>\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"ml-2 mb-1 close\" data-dismiss=\"toast\" aria-label=\"Close\">\n      <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00d7<\/span>\n    <\/button>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"toast-body\">\n    <div class=\"row no-gutters\">\n      <div class=\"col-4\">\n        Fall Application:\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"col-8\">\nOct 8, 2025\u2013May 15, 2026\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script>\n    $(document).ready(function() {\n        $(\".toast\").toast('show');\n    });\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button bg-primary-2 text-white rounded-0 p-2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-color has-background has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2025\/12\/BIOL-Faculty-Accepting-Students-Fall-2026.pdf\" style=\"color:#ffffff;background-color:#810001;font-size:17px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Faculty Accepting Students (FA26) <i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right small pl-2\"><\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group grey-bg-block has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Areas of Specialization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns infographics-block card-deck is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column bg-primary-2 text-white p-4 mb-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><i class=\"fas fa-atom h1\"><\/i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cell and Molecular Biology<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column bg-primary-2 text-white p-4 mb-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><i class=\"fas fa-leaf h1\"><\/i> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ecology and Evolution<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column bg-primary-2 text-white p-4 mb-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><i class=\"fas fa-brain h1\"><\/i> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Physiology and Neuroscience<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Upcoming Events<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/events.yorku.ca\/mecExternalScript?id=25575&t=calendar\"><\/script>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Featured Faculty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns featured-faculty is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2026\/04\/Elizabeth-Clare.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of  Elizabeth Clare\" class=\"wp-image-1547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2026\/04\/Elizabeth-Clare.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2026\/04\/Elizabeth-Clare-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading h4\">Elizabeth Clare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mb-0\"><strong>Research Interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"d-inline-block pr-2\"><a href=\"mailto:eclare@yorku.ca\" data-type=\"mailto\" data-id=\"mailto:eclare@yorku.ca\"><i class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"sr-only\">email<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"d-inline-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/elizabeth-clare\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/elizabeth-clare\/\"><i class=\"fas fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Website<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/John-Douglas-Crawford.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of John Douglas Crawford\" class=\"wp-image-860\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/John-Douglas-Crawford.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/John-Douglas-Crawford-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading h4\">John Douglas Crawford<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mb-0\"><strong>Research Interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neuroscience, Motor Activity, Perception, Vision<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"d-inline-block pr-2\"><a href=\"mailto:jdc@yorku.ca\"><i class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"sr-only\">email<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"d-inline-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/health.yorku.ca\/health-profiles\/index.php?mid=6957\"><i class=\"fas fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Website<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Sapna-Sharma-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Sapna Sharma\" class=\"wp-image-781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Sapna-Sharma-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Sapna-Sharma-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Sapna-Sharma-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Sapna-Sharma-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Sapna-Sharma-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading h4\">Sapna Sharma\n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mb-0\"><strong>Research Interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ecology and Evolutionary Biology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"d-inline-block pr-2\"><a href=\"mailto:sharma11@yorku.ca\"><i class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"sr-only\">email<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"d-inline-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/sapna-sharma\/\"><i class=\"fas fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Website<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Amro-Zayed-1024x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"Photo of Amro Zayed\" class=\"wp-image-852\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Amro-Zayed.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Amro-Zayed-400x400.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/530\/2023\/05\/Amro-Zayed-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading h4\">Amro Zayed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mb-0\"><strong>Research Interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Genetics, Evolution of Social Insects<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"d-inline-block pr-2\"><a href=\"mailto:zayed@yorku.ca\"><i class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i><span class=\"sr-only\">email<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"d-inline-block\"><a href=\"http:\/\/zayedlab.apps01.yorku.ca\/wordpress\/the-lab\/\"><i class=\"fas fa-link\"><\/i><span class=\"sr-only\">Website<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group grey-bg-block has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Amanda Liczner, PhD '20<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"lead\">How important are bumble bees in our society? As a recent graduate of the Biology graduate program and postdoctoral fellow at the UBC's Okanagan campus, Liczner discusses her research with us, which examines the habitat characteristics of bumble bees in North America and their significance to the agricultural sector. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube border-md border-fgs wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Knowledge Now - Grad Student: Amanda Liczner\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/armEL3iEFAo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"module\" src=\"https:\/\/futurestudents.yorku.ca\/templates\/york-undergrad-lead.js\"><\/script><york-undergrad-lead cohort=\"new_Grad\" faculty=\"gs\" faculty_program=\"gs\" header=\"Request More Information\" header_size=\"3rem\" marketing_tag=\"GS-SCI-DigiAd-BIOL-FS\" recruiter=\"Eileen Watson\"><\/york-undergrad-lead>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns learnmore-block is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/184\/2024\/07\/learnmore.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11892\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learn More<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Graduate Program in Biology at York is an exciting environment to pursue innovative, socially engaging, career-ready education. Contact our Graduate Program Assistant to learn more.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-499968f5 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/contact\/\">Contact Us<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/gradstudies\/biology\/future-students\/how-to-apply\/\">How to Apply<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns social-bar-block is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading h6 text-white text-center\">Connect with Biology<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-social-links aligncenter my-2 is-style-default is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook  wp-block-social-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/YorkUScience\/\" class=\"wp-block-social-link-anchor\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"wp-block-social-link-label 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