  {"id":23568,"date":"2026-03-25T13:18:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T17:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/news\/?p=23568"},"modified":"2026-03-26T13:14:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T17:14:21","slug":"rethinking-brain-like-artificial-intelligence-a-new-study-reveals-hidden-mismatches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/news\/2026\/03\/25\/rethinking-brain-like-artificial-intelligence-a-new-study-reveals-hidden-mismatches\/","title":{"rendered":"Rethinking brain-like artificial intelligence: A new study reveals hidden mismatches"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>TORONTO, March 25, 2026<\/strong> \u2013 A new study by 快播视频 researchers have found a potential striking flaw in artificial intelligence (AI) models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Artificial neural networks (ANNs), a type of AI model built to solve vision tasks for computers, has surprisingly emerged as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/content\/journals\/10.1146\/annurev-vision-112823-030616\">current best understanding of how our own brain\u2019s visual system works, in the last decade<\/a>. But does current AI really work like a primate brain?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cArtificial intelligence systems are often described as \u2018brain-like\u2019 because they can predict activity in parts of the brain that help us recognize objects,\u201d says 快播视频 Assistant Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/kohitij-kar\/\">Kohitij Kar<\/a>, senior author of a new study. \u201cUntil now, scientists mostly tested this in one direction. They asked whether AI models can predict brain activity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"224\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/242\/2026\/03\/Kohitij-Kar.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/242\/2026\/03\/Kohitij-Kar.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/242\/2026\/03\/Kohitij-Kar-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kohitij Kar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In this study, the researchers flipped the question \u2013 if AI truly mirrors the brain, shouldn\u2019t brain activity also be able to predict what\u2019s happening inside the AI model? \u2013 and developed a reverse predictivity test to find the answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cUltimately, we need computational models to truly understand the underlying neural mechanisms of how we recognize objects. How do we see objects move? While it's a very easy task that we do every day, computationally, though, it's a very challenging problem,\u201d says Kar, the Canada Research Chair in Visual Neuroscience and a member of York\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/cvr\/york-faculty\/\">Centre for Vision Research<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/research\/cian\/\">Centre for Integrative and Applied Neuroscience<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers, including York Postdoctoral Fellow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/research\/connected-minds\/members\/trainees\/\">Sabine Muzellec<\/a>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/research\/connected-minds\/\">Connected Minds<\/a> trainee, used 1,320 natural or naturalistic synthetic images of a bear, an elephant, a face, an apple, a car, a dog, a chair, a plane, a bird and a zebra, placed against natural, indoor or outdoor background scenes. They also used an additional 300 images of the same objects rendered differently, such as outlines, drawing, schematized forms and artistic variations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe results were striking. While AI models can predict the neurons we recorded in the brain fairly well, the brain cannot equally predict many of the model\u2019s internal features. Interestingly, this is not the case when neurons from one brain is compared against ones from another brain,\u201d says Kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem with the ANNs solving vision differently is that this difference between primate brains and models will widen and compound over time if not corrected now. The direction of prediction was always to have the model predict like neurons, but if the reverse is not true then these models don't really serve as good hypotheses for the brain, adds Kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe findings suggest that today\u2019s AI systems solve visual tasks partly using internal strategies that the brain may not use. Importantly, the parts of AI models that align with the brain are also better at predicting real human behavior,\u201d says Kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Why this matters<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AI models are increasingly used to help design experiments to understand human behavior, including in clinical settings. It is assumed AI model see the world similarly to how a human brain does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur findings challenge how similar current AI systems really are with the primate brain. We show that models that were previously thought to be brain-like rely on internal components that the brain does not appear to use. We provide a well vetted diagnostic metric for the field,\u201d says Muzellec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If AI models can become more brain-like, they could in the future help people with everything from post-traumatic stress disorder to autism, but for now, their use in experiments and to understand human behaviour is fraught. Similar models are also being used now for auditory systems, language systems and motor systems, but again, if they aren\u2019t working as expected that\u2019s an issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur approach helps identify which parts of an ANN truly match brain activity, allowing us to build more reliable models for understanding how people see and interpret the world,\u201d says Kar. \u201cThis is especially important for our autism research program, which builds on models of the neurotypical brain as a baseline.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study\u2019s authors have also made a <a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/reverse-pred\/\">testing toolkit<\/a> available for AI developers to use to both test and improve their models going forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42256-026-01204-0\">study<\/a>, published today in <em>Nature Machine Intelligence<\/em>, introduces a new standard for building AI that is not just powerful \u2013 but truly brain-aligned.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new study by 快播视频 researchers have found a potential striking flaw in artificial intelligence (AI) models.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":389,"featured_media":23572,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4,339,401],"tags":[36,37,2305],"qualifier":[1853],"news-author":[1896],"class_list":["post-23568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-home-featured","category-media-releases","category-news","tag-ai","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-artificial-neural-networks","qualifier-by","news-author-sandra-mclean"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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