  {"id":643,"date":"2021-04-01T10:16:24","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T14:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/?page_id=643"},"modified":"2022-08-25T16:08:25","modified_gmt":"2022-08-25T20:08:25","slug":"astronomy-and-astrophysics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/physics-and-astronomy\/research\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronomers remotely study systems and phenomena beyond the Earth, normally by examining emitted, transmitted, or reflected light. Research spans space and time, from planets to stars to galaxies and aggregates thereof, from interplanetary to interstellar to intergalactic media, from the cosmic web to the Universe to the multi-verse. Most astronomers today use knowledge about physics in their attempts to understand the workings of the cosmos, and in that sense they are astrophysicists, too. Consequently, astronomical research often leads to new insights into physics, as was the case with the discoveries of dark matter and dark energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wpv-view-output\" data-toolset-views-view-editor=\"799b4355574cc3dd265f088669397fcc\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-toolset-views-view-editor wpv-gutenberg-view-wrapper-648\"><form autocomplete=\"off\" name=\"wpv-filter-648\" action=\"\/science\/profiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/643?wpv_view_count=648\" method=\"get\" class=\"wpv-filter-form js-wpv-filter-form js-wpv-filter-form-648 js-wpv-form-full js-wpv-ajax-results-enabled\" data-viewnumber=\"648\" data-viewid=\"648\" data-viewhash=\"eyJuYW1lIjoicGEtYXN0cm9ub215LWFuZC1hc3Ryb3BoeXNpY3MifQ==\" data-viewwidgetid=\"0\" data-orderby=\"\" data-order=\"\" data-orderbyas=\"\" data-orderbysecond=\"\" data-ordersecond=\"\" 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data-permalink=\"\/science\/profiles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/643?wpv_view_count=648\">\n\n\t\n\t\n\t<table width=\"100%\">\n      <thead>\n      \t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<th>Picture<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th>Name<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th>Research Area<\/th>\n              \t<th>Research Type<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n      <\/thead>\n\t\t<tbody class=\"wpv-loop js-wpv-loop\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/norbert-bartel\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/04\/DSC05874crop.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Norbert Bartel\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/norbert-bartel\/\">Bartel, Norbert<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>Planetary Physics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Experimental<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/charles-boukare\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2023\/03\/boukare-Aug-3-final.jpeg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Charles Boukar\u00e9\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/charles-boukare\/\">Boukare, Charles<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>Computational fluid dynamics<br>Planetary Physics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Theoretical<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/nassim-bozorgnia\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/05\/portrait_bozorgnia_n_180x240.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Nassim Bozorgnia\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/nassim-bozorgnia\/\">Bozorgnia, Nassim<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>High Energy and Particle Physics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Theoretical<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/michael-de-robertis\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/05\/mmdr-gala.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Michael De Robertis\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/michael-de-robertis\/\">De Robertis, Michael<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Experimental<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/patrick-hall\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/01\/patrick_hall.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Patrick Hall\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/patrick-hall\/\">Hall, Patrick<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Experimental<br>Theoretical<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/junwu-huang\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2022\/10\/Profile-picture-Junwu-Huang.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Junwu Huang\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/junwu-huang\/\">Huang, Junwu<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>High Energy and Particle Physics<\/td>\n<td>Theoretical<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/elaina-hyde\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/05\/portrait_hyde_e.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Elaina Hyde\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/elaina-hyde\/\">Hyde, Elaina<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Experimental<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/matthew-johnson\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/01\/matthew_johnson.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Matthew Johnson\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/matthew-johnson\/\">Johnson, Matthew<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>High Energy and Particle Physics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Theoretical<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/rahul-kannan\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2022\/12\/Rahul-Kannan-2.png\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Rahul Kannan\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/rahul-kannan\/\">Kannan, Rahul<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/katherine-mack\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2022\/10\/Perimeter-headshot-1.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Katherine Mack\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/katherine-mack\/\">Mack, Katherine<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>High Energy and Particle Physics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/marshall-mccall\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/05\/portrait_mccall_m.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Marshall McCall\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/marshall-mccall\/\">McCall, Marshall<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Experimental<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/robin-metcalfe-nee-fingerhut\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/10\/Robin-Metcalfe.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Robin Metcalfe (n\u00e9e Fingerhut)\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/robin-metcalfe-nee-fingerhut\/\">Metcalfe (n\u00e9e Fingerhut), Robin<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/adam-muzzin\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/05\/portrait_muzzin_a.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Adam Muzzin\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/adam-muzzin\/\">Muzzin, Adam<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Experimental<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/alireza-rafiee\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2023\/12\/alireza.png\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Alireza Rafiee\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/alireza-rafiee\/\">Rafiee, Alireza<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/jesse-rogerson\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/06\/JesseRogerson_headshot.png\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Jesse Rogerson\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/jesse-rogerson\/\">Rogerson, Jesse<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td>Experimental<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/sarah-rugheimer\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2022\/10\/Sarah-Rugheimer-profile-picture.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Sarah Rugheimer\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/sarah-rugheimer\/\">Rugheimer, Sarah<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>Planetary Physics<\/td>\n<td>Theoretical<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/paul-scholz\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2023\/07\/IMG_20210830_1653516986_squarecrop-1.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Paul Scholz\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/paul-scholz\/\">Scholz, Paul<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Experimental<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/sean-tulin\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/05\/portrait_tulin_s.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Sean Tulin\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/sean-tulin\/\">Tulin, Sean<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>High Energy and Particle Physics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Theoretical<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/jeremy-webb\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2023\/07\/webb.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Jeremy Webb\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/jeremy-webb\/\">Webb, Jeremy<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/zheng-hong-zhu\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/06\/Zheng-Hong-Zhu.jpg\" class=\"profile-img\" alt=\"Picture of Zheng Hong Zhu\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/faculty\/zheng-hong-zhu\/\">Zhu, Zheng Hong<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Applied Mathematics<br>Astronomy and Astrophysics<br>Planetary Physics<\/td>\n<td>Computational<br>Experimental<br>Theoretical<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astronomers remotely study systems and phenomena beyond the Earth, normally by examining emitted, transmitted, or reflected light. Research spans space and time, from planets to stars to galaxies and aggregates thereof, from interplanetary to interstellar to intergalactic media, from the cosmic web to the Universe to the multi-verse. Most astronomers today use knowledge about physics [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":806,"parent":612,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"secondary-page.php","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[113,105,110,114,96,97,111,99,112,95,101,100],"class_list":["post-643","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-academic-advising","tag-contact","tag-department-of-physics-and-astronomy","tag-educational-planning","tag-everyone","tag-faculty","tag-faculty-support","tag-find","tag-gender-equality","tag-keele-campus","tag-learn-more","tag-search"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Astronomy and Astrophysics - Faculty of Science Profiles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/physics-and-astronomy\/research\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astronomy and Astrophysics - Faculty of Science Profiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Astronomers remotely study systems and phenomena beyond the Earth, normally by examining emitted, transmitted, or reflected light. Research spans space and time, from planets to stars to galaxies and aggregates thereof, from interplanetary to interstellar to intergalactic media, from the cosmic web to the Universe to the multi-verse. Most astronomers today use knowledge about physics [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/physics-and-astronomy\/research\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Faculty of Science Profiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-25T20:08:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/science\/profiles\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/229\/2021\/05\/gradfield_aa_.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/physics-and-astronomy\\\/research\\\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/physics-and-astronomy\\\/research\\\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\\\/\",\"name\":\"Astronomy and Astrophysics - Faculty of Science Profiles\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/physics-and-astronomy\\\/research\\\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/physics-and-astronomy\\\/research\\\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/229\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/gradfield_aa_.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-01T14:16:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-25T20:08:25+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/physics-and-astronomy\\\/research\\\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/physics-and-astronomy\\\/research\\\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/physics-and-astronomy\\\/research\\\/astronomy-and-astrophysics\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/229\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/gradfield_aa_.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.yorku.ca\\\/science\\\/profiles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/229\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/gradfield_aa_.jpeg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"This image from the NASA\\\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows the galaxy cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745. This is one of six being studied by the Hubble Frontier Fields programme, which together have produced the deepest images of gravitational lensing ever made. Due to the huge mass of the cluster it is bending the light of background objects, acting as a magnifying lens. It is one of the most massive galaxy clusters known, and it is also the largest known gravitational lens. 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